BOOK 23
LESSON 1
GRAMMAR
PRESENT AND PAST PARTICIPLES AS NOUN MODIFIERS
- Present Participle ��ͤӡ���ҷ����� -ing ���˹�ҷ���������͹ Gerund ���� Gerund ��˹�ҷ��
����͹�ӹ��
����Ǥ���繻�иҹ ��С���㹻���¤ 㹢�з�� Present Participle ��˹�ҷ��
����͹�Ӥس�Ѿ�� (Adjective) ���Т��¤ӹ��
������ҧ
Boiling
water produces steam.
��ӷ����ѧ��ʹ�������Դ�͹��
We walked for a mile in the pouring rain.
�ǡ����Թ�ѹ��ͺ � ����㹷�����ҧ��½������ѧ��
- Past Participle
��� �ӡ���ҷ��ŧ���´��� -ed, -d, -t, -n
, or -en ���ͤӡ���Ҫ�ͧ��� 3 ����˹�ҷ��
����͹�Ӥس�Ѿ�� (Adjective) ����Ǥ�͢��¤ӹ��
������ҧ
John opened the sealed envelope.
�����Դ�ͧ�����·��١�Դ��֡
The bank will return your cancelled checks.
��Ҥ�èФ׹�礷��١¡��ԡ�ͧ�س
- �ҡ������ҧ��ҧ�鹨������������ Present
participle and Past participle ��˹�ҷ��������͹
�Ӥس�Ѿ����͡�ѡɳ�
�س�Ҿ�ͧ�ӹ������ѹ���»�Сͺ
- ����Ѻ�ӹ������� Present participle
���� Past
participle ���¹�� ���ա��ŧ���§˹ѡ
(Primary
Stress) ���ӹ����ѡ ��ФӢ��·���� Present participle ���� Past participle �����Ѻ���ŧ���§
˹ѡ�ͧ (Secondary Stress)
������ҧ
Boiling WATER produces steam.
We walked
for a mile in the pouring RAIN.
John opened the sealed
ENVELOPE.
The bank will return your cancelled CHECKS.
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Change the sentences
by using a participle instead of an adjective clause to modify
the noun.
Example I think I
smell gas that is leaking.
I
think I smell leaking gas.
1. We watched the storm that
was approaching.
2. The building which was
burning suddenly collapsed.
3. When will the window which
was broken be replaced?
4. A mechanic who has been
trained is always on duty here.
5. The instructor handed back the
tests that he had graded.
6. We were blinded by snow
that was blowing.
7. The soldiers who were
wounded were evacuated by helicopter.
8. There�s a car that has
stalled in the left lane.
9. I didn�t read the report
that was published.
10. Why didn�t the captain leave
the ship that was sinking?
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Directions: Change the given
verbs in the parentheses to either a present (-ing)
or a past (-ed)
participle and complete the following
sentences.
1. ______________ (converge)
roads are hazardous.
2. The ______________ (endorse)
form was lost, so another one had to be signed.
3. The ______________ (inspect)
officers were very thorough when they checked the
barracks.
4. The boy dropped the
______________ (fold) newspapers.
5. The _______________ (collapse)
bridge downtown is being repaired.
6. No one is allowed to enter the
_______________ (restrict) area.
7. Last winter, all the
______________ (expose) pipes in the house froze.
8. Aspirin sometimes reduces an ______________ (elevate) temperature.
9. He threw the ______________
(crush) boxes into the trash can.
10. The _____________ (exist)
regulation doesn�t prohibit smoking in the building, but the
new rule will.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
QUESTION-WORD QUESTIONS
- Question-word questions (what, when, where, why,
who, whose, how, which) �繡�õ�駤Ӷ�������Ң����ŷ��੾����Ш� �� ���� ʶҹ��� ���� �˵ؼ�
���� �Ըա�� �繵� �ѧ��͸Ժ�µ��仹��
1. What = ����
���駤Ӷ�������Ң���������ǡѺ��觢ͧ ������ö���Сͺ�Ѻ�ӹ������ ������������
���� ��
What would you like to drink?
�س��ͧ��ô�������
What
is Ken doing?
ह���ѧ����������
What color is your car?
ö�ͧ�س��������
What time does the show start?
����ʴ�������ʴ�������
2. Who = ��
���駤Ӷ�������Ң���������ǡѺ���ͤ�
Who is your favorite actor?
�ѡ�ʴ���·��س��蹪ͺ�����
Who told you the news?
�ú͡������س
Who are invited to Jane�s party?
�ú�ҧ������Ѻ�Ô���������ҹ������ͧਹ
Who is driving that car?
�á��ѧ�Ѻö�ѹ���
3. Which = ���˹ ����˹ ���駤Ӷ������������͡��Ҥ��˹
������觢ͧ����˹�ҡ����˹����
Which student is Pam�s son?
�ѡ���¹���˹����١��¢ͧ��
Which
color do you like best � red, blue or yellow?
���˹���س�ͺ�ҡ�ش ��ᴧ �չ���Թ ����������ͧ
Which
would you like � wine or beer?
�س��ͧ��ô�������
�ǹ����������
Which
of these rings do you like?
��ǹǧ�˹�ҡ��ǹ����ҹ����س�ͺ
4. Whose = �ͧ�� ���駤Ӷ�����Ͷ��������ä����Ңͧ
Whose vacuum cleaner did you borrow?
�س�������ͧ�ٴ��蹢ͧ����
Whose
book is it?
�ѹ��˹ѧ��ͧ͢��
Whose
are these cars?
ö¹������ҹ���繢ͧ�ú�ҧ
5. Where = ����˹ ���駤Ӷ�����Ͷ���֧ʶҹ���
Where
are you going on holiday?
�س价���˹��ѹ��ش
Where
does she live?
���͹�ѡ������������˹
Where�s
the party?
�ҹ������Ѵ����˹
6. When = ������� ���駤Ӷ�����Ͷ������ǡѺ�ѹ ��͹ ��
When are you going?
������äس���
When
were you born?
�س�Դ�������
When
is water a solid?
������ù�ӨС����繢ͧ��
7. Why = ���� ������Ѻ��駤Ӷ�����Ͷ�������˵� �����˵ؼ�
Why are you late?
�����س�����
Why
did you go out?
�����س�֧�͡仢�ҧ�͡
Why
did the water evaporate?
�����������¡�������
8. How = ���ҧ�� ���駤Ӷ���������Ըա��
�������Сͺ�Ӥس�Ѿ�� ���� �ӡ��������ɳ� �繵�
How can you convert water to a gas?
�س����ö����¹�������������ҧ��
How
many elements are known to man?
���������ѡ�ҵبӹǹ�ҡ�����
How
often do you go to the cinema?
���¤�������÷��س��ç�Ҿ¹���
How
far is your house?
��ҹ�ͧ�س�����������
****************************************************************************
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Unscramble these
questions that begin with question words.
1. is composed what water of
______________________________________________________________________
2. a water when solid is
______________________________________________________________________
3. pressure where atmospheric is highest the
______________________________________________________________________
4. who barometer invented the
_______________________________________________________________________
5. computer you using whose are
_______________________________________________________________________
6. the is road closed why
_______________________________________________________________________
7. of is a molecule composed what
_______________________________________________________________________
8. much have you how with got money you
_______________________________________________________________________
9. old your elder how is brother
_______________________________________________________________________
10. class which to chosen go zoo to the is
_______________________________________________________________________
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
PRESENT / PAST PARTICIPLES AFTER CERTAIN VERBS
- Present / Past Participle ����ö�����ѧ�����ç (Direct Object) ���ͷ�˹�ҷ����¡����ç��� �µ����ѧ�ӡ���Һҧ����� �� catch, discover, find, keep ��� leave �繵�
- Present Participle ����Ѻ�����ç����繼���зӡ���ҹ�� 㹢�з�� Past Participle ����Ѻ�����ç����繼��١��зӨҡ�ӡ���ҹ��
������ҧ
We found Mary preparing dinner.
�ǡ��Ҿ�����������ѧ���������ä��
The
guard discovered the thieves trying
to escape.
����ѡ�ҡ�ó쾺��Ҿǡ���¡��ѧ������˹��͡�
Did
you catch the children eating the cookies?
�س�Ѻ����Ҿǡ�����ѧ�ͺ�Թ�����ꡡ�����������
Pam
left the boys swimming in the river.
�����������ô��硼����(���ѧ)���¹������������
They
found the gold buried in the ground.
�ǡ�Ҿ���ҷͧ�Ӷ١�ѧ������Թ
We
discovered a deer wounded by some hunters.
�ǡ��Ҿ���ҧ���˹�觶١�������¹�¾�ҹ���¤�
The
major kept his office door closed at all times.
���ѹ���������е٢ͧ��ͧ�ӧҹ�١�Դ�����ʹ����
************************************************************************** GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 4
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words in the parentheses.
1. We caught the children
___________(watch) television after bedtime.
2. I left food ____________
(cover) in the refrigerator.
3. They found Edward ____________
(sleep) peacefully on the beach.
4. You should keep some soup
____________ (boil) on the stove for Dad.
5. He leaves his shoes
____________ (lie) on the closet floor.
6. She found the cookie half-
____________ (eat) on her desk.
7. They�ve discovered a window
____________ (break) in their car.
8. Jim keeps his money
____________ (hide) somewhere in his room.
9. Jack found the stadium
____________ (fill) with people.
10. The picnickers discovered ants ____________ (eat) their sandwiches.
************************************************************************
EXERCISE 5
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words listed below.
wrapped hidden lost waiting misplaced parked
pumping hunting painting shining sitting playing
1. When I discover an animal
___________ and hungry, I take it home and feed it.
2. If you catch someone
____________ without a license, call the police.
3. She finds items ____________
on her shelves regularly.
4. He keeps his stairway light
___________ all night.
5. Mr. and Mrs. Walters kept
their dinner guests ___________ for half an hour.
6. We caught the workmen
____________ the wrong wall.
7. He discovered someone else�s
car ___________ in his driveway.
8. The ship�s captain found the
sailor ___________ air into a rubber boat.
9. The secretary kept the fresh
flowers ___________ on her desk.
10. He left an envelope full of
money ___________ in the drawer.
11. They keep their radio
___________ even after midnight.
12. If you find a package
___________ in red paper, it�s mine.
$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$
VOCABULARY
- solid (n.) =
something which is neither a liquid nor a gas
=
�ͧ��
- liquid (n.) =
substance that flows freely but is not a gas
= �ͧ����
- gas(n.) =
air-like substance
=
��ҫ
- form (n.) =
appearance; shape
= �ٻẺ,
�ٻ��ҧ
- matter (n.) =
what a thing is made of; material
=
��觢ͧ, ����
- consist of (v.)= be composed of; be made up of
= ��Сͺ����
- state (n.) =
condition
= ʶҹ�
- vacuum (n.) = a space that is empty
of air
= �Ù�ҡ��
- space (n.) =
empty area; the region outside the earth�s atmosphere
=
�ǡ��
- occupy (v.) = to be in
or fill a certain position, space, or time
=
᷹���
- volume (n.) =
size of an object or a space measured in cubic units
= ����ҵ�
- exist (v.) =
to be real or actual; be found; occur
= ����Ҿ��
- be composed of (v.) = consist of; be
made up of
=
��Сͺ����
- element (n.) =
basic part; a substance that consists of atoms of only one kind
= �ҵ�
- oxygen (n.) =
a gaseous element present in the air and necessary to life on earth
=
��ҫ�͡��ਹ
- hydrogen (n.) =
a gaseous element
= ��ҫ����ਹ
- atom (n.) =
the smallest possible piece of a simple substance, or element
= ��
- particle (n.) =
a very small piece or amount of something
= ͹��Ҥ
- tiny (adj.) =
very small
= (��Ҵ)���
- molecule (n.)= a
smallest part of a substance ( a substance made up of
more than one element)
=
���š��
- convert (v.) = change from one
state to another
= ����Ҿ
- melt (v.) =
to change from solid to liquid
=
�����
- evaporate (v.) =
to change into vapor
= �����
- steam (n.) =
water vapor
= �͹��
- vapor (n.) =
liquid in an air-like form
= �͹��
- atmosphere (n.) =
air surrounding the earth
= ��鹺���ҡ��
- surround (v.) =
to enclose
=
�����ͺ
- nitrogen (n.) =
a gaseous element
= ��ҫ���ਹ
- carbon dioxide(n.) = gas produced in respiration
= ��ҫ����͹��͡䫴�
- layer (n.) =
a single thickness
= ���
- altitude (n.) =
the height of something above the earth�s surface
= �����٧
- atmospheric (adj.) = of the atmosphere
= ��觪�鹺���ҡ��,
����ǡѺ��鹺���ҡ��
- pressure (n.) =
force or weight of something pressing continuously on or against
something that it touches
= �ç���ҡ��, �������ҡ��
- press (v.) =
to exert force
= ��
- exert (v.) =
to bring or put strength into action
= �͡�ç, ��
(���ѧ)
- sea level (n.) =
the average height of the sea�s surface
= �дѺ��ӷ���
- barometer (n.) =
a device that measures atmospheric pressure
= ����ͧ����Ѵ�������ҡ��
- inhale (v.) =
to breathe in
= �������
- lung (n.) =
breathing organs inside the chest
= �ʹ
- exhale (v.) =
to breathe out
= �����͡
- expand (v.) =
to enlarge; to spread out
= �����͡
- float (v.) =
to stay on the surface of a fluid
= ��¹��
- compress (v.) =
to force into less space
= ��,
�Ѵ��, �Ǻ��
****************************************************************************
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words listed below.
evaporate solids consists
of volume particles liquids
vacuum
hydrogen occupies elements
gases exists tiny states
matter melts
1. _____________ are very small parts.
2. The word _____________ means very small.
3. When you leave ice cream out of the refrigerator, it ____________.
4. When the sun affects sea water, it causes the water to ____________.
5. This classroom, the chalkboard, the students,
etc., are made up of ____________.
6. Everything _____________ matter.
7. We can find matter in three _____________.
8. Rock, wood, and plastic are _____________.
9. Milk, water, and soda are _____________.
10. Air and oxygen are _____________.
11. When air is removed from a container, a
_____________ is created.
12. We say that matter takes up, or _____________,
space.
13. The amount of space occupied by matter is
called _____________.
14. Matter _____________ in many forms.
15. _____________ are the
purest of the substances which make up matter.
16. _____________ and oxygen are the two elements
water is made up of.
*****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Choose the correct answer.
1. We have room for six passengers in our car. We
have enough _____________ for six people.
a. hydrogen b.
space
c. state d.
forms
2. We breathe in oxygen. We breathe out
______________.
a. lungs b.
nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide d.
oxygen
3. That book is very small. It�s _____________.
a. atmospheric b.
solid
c. gas d.
tiny
4. Matter exists in three _____________, or forms.
a. states b.
spaces
c. atoms d.
barometers
5. A _____________ is a part of the body used for
breathing.
a. barometer b.
heart
c. lung d.
layer
6. We ____________ air when we breathe in.
a. melt b.
exist
c. inhale d.
exhale
7. Air under pressure is _____________ .
a. compressed b.
solid
c. melted d.
tiny
8. Nitrogen is an example of ______________ in the
form of a gas.
a. a particle b.
an element
c. an atom d.
a volume
9. The three forms of matter are gases, liquids,
and _____________.
a. solids b.
layers
c. elements d.
atoms
10. A solid turns into a liquid when it
_____________.
a. exhales b.
exists
c. expands d.
melts
11. Many elements can be ____________ from one form
into another form.
a. compressed b.
floated
c. converted d.
surrounded
12. A water molecule ____________ two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen atom.
a. inhales b.
consists of
c. exerts d.
converts
13. A ____________ is a space which is empty of
air.
a. vacuum b.
volume
c. layer d.
molecule
14. The police ____________ the house and demanded
that the killer come out with his hands up.
a. composed b.
expanded
c. surrounded d.
pressed
15. Liquids and gases consist of tiny, moving
particles called ___________.
a. states b.
particles
c. atmospheres d.
molecules
16. A(n) _____________ is
a device used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
a. thermometer b.
atmosphere
c. barometer d.
thermostat
17. There is almost no air in a(n)
____________.
a. vacuum b.
atmosphere
c. volume d.
atom
18. If you put ice in water, it will
____________.
a. float b.
exert
c. expand d.
wrap
19. When water ____________ from the seas, clouds
are formed.
a. evaporates b.
melts
c. occupies d.
composes
20. The atmosphere ____________ pressure on every
living thing.
a. expands b.
exhales
c. exerts d.
rises
*****************************************************************************
ANSWER KEY
GRAMMAR EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Change the sentences
by using a participle instead of an adjective clause to modify
the noun.
Example I think I
smell gas that is leaking.
I
think I smell leaking gas.
1. We watched the storm that
was approaching.
=
We watched the approaching storm.
2. The building which was
burning suddenly collapsed.
=
The burning building suddenly collapsed.
3. When will the window which
was broken be replaced?
=
When will the broken window be replaced?
4. A mechanic who has been trained is always on duty here.
=
A trained mechanic is always on duty here.
5. The instructor handed back the tests that he had graded.
= The instructor handed back the graded tests.
6. We were blinded by snow
that was blowing.
=
We were blinded by blowing snow.
7. The soldiers who were
wounded were evacuated by helicopter.
= The wounded
soldiers were evacuated by helicopter.
8. There�s a car that has
stalled in the left lane.
=
There�s a stalled car in the left lane.
9. I didn�t read the report
that was published.
=
I didn�t read the published report .
10. Why didn�t the captain leave
the ship that was sinking?
=
Why didn�t the captain leave the sinking
ship?
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Directions: Change the given
verbs in the parentheses to either a present (-ing)
or a past (-ed)
participle and complete the following
sentences.
1. ______________ (converge)
roads are hazardous.
=
Converging roads are hazardous.
2. The ______________ (endorse)
form was lost, so another one had to be signed.
=
The endorsed form was lost, so another one had to be signed.
3. The ______________ (inspect) officers were very thorough when they
checked the barracks.
=
The inspecting officers were very thorough when they checked the barracks.
4. The boy dropped the
______________ (fold) newspapers.
=
The boy dropped the folded newspapers.
5. The _______________ (collapse)
bridge downtown is being repaired.
=
The collapsed bridge downtown is being repaired.
6. No one is allowed to enter the
_______________ (restrict) area.
=
No one is allowed to enter the restricted area.
7. Last winter, all the
______________ (expose) pipes in the house froze.
=
Last winter, all the exposed pipes in the house froze.
8. Aspirin sometimes reduces an ______________ (elevate) temperature.
=
Aspirin sometimes reduces an elevated temperature.
9. He threw the ______________
(crush) boxes into the trash can.
=
He threw the crushed boxes into the trash can.
10. The _____________ (exist)
regulation doesn�t prohibit smoking in the building, but the
new rule will.
=
The existing regulation doesn�t prohibit smoking in the building, but
the
new rule will.
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 3
Direction: Unscramble these
questions that begin with question words.
1. is composed what water of
What is water composed
of?
2. a water when solid is
When is water a solid?
3. pressure where atmospheric is highest the
Where is atmospheric
pressure the highest?
4. who barometer invented the
Who invented
the barometer?
5. computer you using whose are
Whose computer are you
using?
6. the is road closed why
Why is the road closed?
7. of is a molecule composed what
What is a
molecule composed of?
8. much have you how with got money you
How much money
have you got with you?
9. old your elder how is brother
How old is your
elder brother?
10. class which to chosen go zoo to the is
Which class is chosen to go to the zoo?
****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 4
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words in the parentheses.
1. We caught the children watching
television after bedtime.
2. I left food covered in
the refrigerator.
3. They found Edward sleeping
peacefully on the beach.
4. You should keep some soup boiling
on the stove for Dad.
5. He leaves his shoes lying
on the closet floor.
6. She found the cookie half- eaten
on her desk.
7. They�ve discovered a window broken
in their car.
8. Jim keeps his money hidden
somewhere in his room.
9. Jack found the stadium filled
with people.
10. The picnickers discovered
ants eating their sandwiches.
***************************************************************************
EXERCISE 5
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words listed below.
wrapped hidden lost waiting misplaced parked
pumping hunting painting shining sitting playing
1. When I discover an animal lost
and hungry, I take it home and feed it.
2. If you catch someone hunting
without a license, call the police.
3. She finds items misplaced
on her shelves regularly.
4. He keeps his stairway light shining
all night.
5. Mr. and Mrs. Walters kept
their dinner guests waiting for half an hour.
6. We caught the workmen painting
the wrong wall.
7. He discovered someone else�s
car parked in his driveway.
8. The ship�s captain found the
sailor pumping air into a rubber boat.
9. The secretary kept the fresh
flowers sitting on her desk.
10. He left an envelope full of
money hidden in the drawer.
11. They keep their radio playing
even after midnight.
12. If you find a package wrapped
in red paper, it�s mine.
****************************************************************************
VOCABULARY EXERCISE
EXERCISE 1
Direction: Complete the sentences
with the words listed below.
evaporate solids consists
of volume particles liquids
vacuum
hydrogen occupies elements
gases exists tiny states
matter melts
1. Particles are very small parts.
2. The word tiny means very small.
3. When you leave ice cream out of the refrigerator, it melts.
4. When the sun affects sea water, it causes the water to evaporate.
5. This classroom, the chalkboard, the students,
etc., are made up of matter.
6. Everything consists of matter.
7. We can find matter in three states.
8. Rock, wood, and plastic are solids.
9. Mil, water, and soda are liquids.
10. Air and oxygen are gases.
11. When air is removed from a container, a vacuum
is created.
12. We say that matter takes up, or occupies
space.
13. The amount of space occupied by matter is
called volume.
14. Matter exists in many forms.
15. Elements are the purest of the substances
which make up matter.
16. Hydrogen and oxygen are the two elements
water is made up of.
*****************************************************************************
EXERCISE 2
Direction: Choose the correct answer.
1. We have room for six passengers in our car. We
have enough _____________ for six people.
a. hydrogen b.
space
c. state d.
forms
2. We breathe in oxygen. We breathe out
______________.
a. lungs b.
nitrogen
c. carbon dioxide d.
oxygen
3. That book is very small. It�s _____________.
a. atmospheric b.
solid
c. gas d.
tiny
4. Matter exists in three _____________, or forms.
a. states b.
spaces
c. atoms d.
barometers
5. A _____________ is a part of the body used for
breathing.
a. barometer b.
heart
c. lung d.
layer
6. We ____________ air when we breathe in.
a. melt b.
exist
c.
inhale d.
exhale
7. Air under pressure is _____________ .
a. compressed b.
solid
c. melted d.
tiny
8. Nitrogen is an example of ______________ in the
form of a gas.
a. a particle b.
an element
c. an atom d.
a volume
9. The three forms of matter are gases, liquids,
and _____________.
a. solids b.
layers
c. elements d.
atoms
10. A solid turns into a liquid when it
_____________.
a. exhales b.
exists
c. expands d.
melts
11. Many elements can be ____________ from one form
into another form.
a. compressed b.
floated
c. converted d.
surrounded
12. A water molecule ____________ two hydrogen
atoms and one oxygen.
a. inhales b.
consists of
c. exerts d.
converts
13. A ____________ is a space which is empty of
air.
a. vacuum b.
volume
c. layer d.
molecule
14. The police ____________ the house and demanded
that the killer come out with his hands up.
a. composed b.
expanded
c. surrounded d.
pressed
15. Liquids and gases consist of tiny, moving
particles called ___________.
a. states b.
particles
c.
atmospheres d.
molecules
16. A(n) _____________ is
a device used for measuring atmospheric pressure.
a. thermometer b.
atmosphere
c. barometer d.
thermostat
17. There is almost no air in a(n)
____________.
a. vacuum b.
atmosphere
c. volume d.
atom
18. If you put ice in water, it will
____________.
a. float b.
exert
c. expand d.
wrap
19. When water ____________ from the seas, clouds
are formed.
a. evaporates b.
melts
c. occupies d.
composes
20. The atmosphere ____________ pressure on every
living thing.
a. expands b.
exhales
c.
exerts d.
rises